English chemist pioneered modern atomic theory

Nobel Laureate co-discovered argon and explained the phenomenon of Rayleigh scattering

French nobleman considered the father of modern chemistry

Chemistry Nobel Laureate and a pioneer of host–guest chemistry

Pioneer of actinide and fluoride chemistry and Manhattan Project worker

Considered one of the fathers of modern analytical chemistry

Pioneer of valence theory known for Abegg's rule, a precursor to the octet rule

English physicist made important breakthroughs in thermodynamics—without a university education

Nobel Laureate co-discovered the structure of ferrocene

Co-discoverer of nuclear fission